Superconducting material set to improve performance of. Brushless ac machines with high temperature superconducting rotors. They have enormous potential and can be used in various applications in process industries, pumps blowers etc. Index termshightemperature superconductor, motors, generators, rotating. A high temperature superconducting synchronous motor having an inductor topology that increases the air gap flux density in direct relation to motor power density by trapping flux and concentrating it in the air gap to obtain more power in the same volume or smaller volume for the same power, and whose geometry enables the induction motor to be lighter than superconducting motors without the. We are pleased to announce that the csc video library has been updated with videos from the applied superconductivity conference 2016 asc 2016, applied superconductivity conference 2014 asc 2014, and the international superconductor electronics conference 20 isec 20. Project sutor superconducting speedcontrolled torque motor. A rotor assembly for use within a superconducting electric motor includes a superconducting winding formed of high temperature superconductor and during operation, generates a flux path within the rotor assembly. Introduction in recent years, electrification of automobiles is in progress. For the majority of electrical superconducting machines, the structure is a classical one, and the magnetic flux is a radial one, ailam explained.
Superconducting materials also interact in interesting ways with magnetic fields. Electric motors with high temperature cuprate superconductors. The primary applications of these devices will be large motors greater than 1,000hp used for pump and fan drives for utility and industrial markets. By the virtue of the combination of lsms and electrodynamic suspensions edss with hts magnets, a large airgap of 24 cm, low magnetic resistance forces of. Unlike an ordinary metallic conductor, whose resistance decreases gradually as its temperature is lowered even down to near absolute zero, a superconductor has a. The rotating armatures of every generator and motor in this age of electricity are. Superconducting generators superconductivity electric. This paper presents a novel highspeed alternating current ac homopolar motorgenerator design using stationary rebco excitation windings. High power density superconducting motor for allelectric aircraft propulsion article pdf available in ieee transactions on applied superconductivity 152. Since superconductors have no dc resistance, they typically have greater efficiency. Other applications not discussed here include magnetohydrodynamic power generation, transformers, motors, and power conditioning electronics.
Any material exhibiting these properties is a superconductor. The superconducting pucks on the rotor can be magnetized and are equivalent to a fourpole permanent magnet, as shown in. It is the most important characteristic of a superconducting wire. Superconductivity is a unique and powerful phenomenon of nature. Hybridelectric distributed propulsion can reduce co 2 and no x emissions by 75 %, fuel burnt by 70 % and noise by 71db 4, 5. Superconducting motors about to move from the lab to ships. Electric aircraft with hts high temperature superconductor motor.
Compact, lightweight, highefficiency motors and generators are sought for a multitude of applications. The authors firstly investigate the applicability of this type of machine as a generator in small and mediumsized wind turbines, then the applicability as an inwheel hub motor for electric vehicles. A superconducting homopolar motor and generatornew. It takes into account not only the state of the art for high and low critical temperature superconductors and the electromagnetic performances but also the mechanical and cryogenic problems and the aimed applications for these superconducting motors. Pdf hightemperature superconducting synchronous motors. An overview of the impact of superconductivity on these applications is provided in table 31. Superconducting electric machines are electromechanical systems that rely on the use of one. The navy currently has contracts to build two subscale. High temperature superconductors for to determine what types. Hightemperature superconducting hts materials offer the capability to reduce losses in large industrial motors greater than hp in rating by 50%.
We hereby declare that the thesis titled electric aircrafts with hts motors. High power density superconducting rotating machines. As a result, at an operating temperature of 20 k, the superconducting motors with the superconducting magnetic shields showed a high power density greater than 40 kwkg and high efficiency of 99. Superconducting magnets free download as powerpoint presentation. The field coil produces a magnetic field using an oxide of bismuth, strontium, calcium and copper oxide bscco, a hightemperature superconducting wire. Superconducting electric machines are electromechanical systems that rely on the use of one or more superconducting elements. Patten2 1materials science and technology division 2saic background and significance. A superconducting induction motor with a high temperature superconducting armature. Superconductivity is a startling departure from the properties of normal i.
Are electromechanical systems that rely on the use of one or more superconducting elements. High temperature superconducting hts motors and generators will enable extended range, highefficiency, highpowerdensity naval propulsion, and compact generators for weapons and ship systems. One theory holds that electrons group together and travel in pairs called cooper pairs within a superconductor rather than travel independently, and that has something to do with their frictionless flow. Design and control of a superconducting permanent magnet. The most important parameter that is of utmost interest in superconducting machine is the generation of a very high magnetic field that is not possible in a conventional machine. Applications of superconducting devices to electromagnetic radiation detectors. The most important parameter that is of utmost interest in superconducting machine is the generation of a very high magnetic field that. Cryogen free superconducting magnet systems industries cryo cryo industries of america, inc. Interestingly enough, another phenomenon of supercold temperatures, superfluidity, happens.
A superconducting electric engine with 50 kwkg would need 10 kg to equal the power of a semitrailer truck and 27. Superconducting electric machines superconductivity is the property of having zero electrical resistance. Electric motors using high temperature superconducting materials applied to power generating station equipment tr101127v2 3149 final report, january 1997 prepared for electric power research institute 3412 hillview avenue palo alto, california 94304 epri project manager j. Courtesy of professor bartek glowaki of the university of cambridge, who filmed, directed and edited the videos. Nearly a century after its first discovery, its full commercial potential is. The economic viability of htsbased electric motors for industrial applications depends. Design and market considerations for axial flux superconducting. A tesla model s has a 416 horsepower engine which would need about 8 kg of future superconducting engine. Future superbatteries, superconducting engines and.
Energies free fulltext superconducting ac homopolar. Ac loss modelling in superconducting coils and motors with. May 24, 2007 the field of electric motors has recently entered a new era. Selected hightemperature superconducting electric power products. As for passenger vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles have been popular, and some massproduction models of pure electric vehicles have appeared for consumer use. Ornl superconducting motor has big possibilities ornl. Pdf high power density superconducting motor for all. Energies free fulltext a superconducting induction motor with a. There is a superconducting equivalent for most types of conventional ac machine. The resistancefree superconducting coils mean that it is almost impossible for the motor to overheat as a result of conduction losses. Building on hightemperature motors designed over the past few years, ailam et al. The use of spice to simulate josephson junctions and circuits.
Superconducting motor uses solidstate cooling drives. However, in 1986 eight new materials were found that exhibited superconducting properties at 77k 196c, the temperature of liquid nitrogen, which is much easier and less costly to achieve. Like a typical motor, a superconducting motor has two main components. Some of the advantages of these machines are ripple free constant torque, pure dc operation, high powertoweight ratio and that rotating magnets or coils are not required.
The next decade will see operational prototypes of superconducting cables, transformers, smes, and motors installed on electric utilities in sizes that are appropriate for power distribution. An instructors manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the wiley editorial department. Both motors should be delivered toward the end of 2003. Subsonic linear synchronous motors lsms with hightemperature superconducting hts magnets, which aim to accelerate to a velocity of 1200 kmh in the nearvacuum tubes of 0. Subsonic linear synchronous motors using superconducting. Superconducting motor uses solidstate cooling drives and. Lowpower superconducting motors article pdf available in superconductor science and technology 2. The resistance free superconducting coils mean that it is almost impossible for the motor to overheat as a result of conduction losses. Superconducting magnets superconductivity electric. Pdf hightemperature superconducting hts materials offer the capability to reduce.
Superconductivity is the set of physical properties observed in certain materials, wherein electrical resistance vanishes and from which magnetic flux fields are expelled. The superconducting field coils are located within the inner shield on a nonmagnetic support structure. Air core ac superconducting motors are possible if ac worthy superconductors can be manufactured with sufficiently high current densities and low losses. Superconducting motors are very promising to achieve the high required speci. Superconducting dc motors such as homopolar motors are extremely efficient. High temperature superconductors for to determine what. Introduction the general production program of oswald consists of electric motors up to more than kw output power, socalled torque motors up to 600 knm torque, linear motors up to 100 kn force and watercooled and superconducting magnet systems. Request pdf superconducting motors and generators the story of superconducting machines began in the 1960s.
The advantages and disadvantages of these motors are also discussed. The electric motors that you see today in everything from washing machines, toys, and fans use the. Energy savings pay off primarily for large motors, 1,000 horsepower and greater. For example, the gyros that keep satellites oriented could use frictionless bearings made from superconducting magnets, improving the satellites precision. Jan, 2009 a typical navy ship, such as the ddx destroyer, needs two propulsion motors, each rated at 36. Superconducting properties were originally known only to exist near absolute zero, making it prohibitively expensive and inherently brittle. Development of hightemperature superconducting motor for.
Ac homopolar synchronous machines are an ideal choice for such applications as these machines enable very high rotational frequencies. This leads to a substantial decrease in the motor volume. Hybridelectric distributed propulsion can reduce co 2 and no x emissions by 75 %, fuel burnt by 70 % and noise by 71db 4,5. Basics of superconducting magnets cryomagnetics, inc. These prototypes are providing the technical data and valuable operating experience base needed to accelerate the acceptance of superconducting technologies and to open up vast global markets.
Applications of superconductivity princeton university. Design study of 2mw fully superconducting synchronous motors. However, they usually require brush technology, which in itself, is very challenging. Electric motors using high temperature superconducting. Stein fossil power plants generation group prepared by reliance. Modernizing the infrastructure the general acceptance of superconducting power equipment by the electric utilities and.
By the virtue of the combination of lsms and electrodynamic suspensions edss with hts magnets, a large airgap of 24 cm, low magnetic. Generators presented b y sajeesh jos parakkal mtithrissur reg. As the navy moves to the allelectric warship, superconducting. In theory, ac motors can be designed to operate with only air cores, without iron. Recent developments in superconducting, cryogenic and sliding contact technology together with new areas of application have led to a renewed interest in homopolar machines. Also, the electric motors aboard spacecraft could be a mere 14 to 16 the size of nonsuperconducting motors, saving precious volume and weight in the spacecrafts design. Only superconducting motors can achieve the necessary high speci c power.
A typical navy ship, such as the ddx destroyer, needs two propulsion motors, each rated at 36. The proposed superconducting motors and generators are modeled mathematically and simulated on a digital computer. Oct 15, 2001 superconducting motors based on high temperature superconductors are much more efficient than conventional electric motors and can be made smaller, lighter and more economically. In materials that are electric conductors, some of the electrons are not bound to individual atoms but are free to move through the material. The test results showed that the motor has torque of 6 nm and an output of 30 kw, and the prototype vehicle obtains the maximum speed of 80 kmh. Superconducting motors with only high temperature superconducting hts armatures can offer advantages of high reliability, high power density, and high. Such large motors have been built using conventional technology but they are four to five times heavier than the onr funded 36.
Aug 07, 2014 a series of lectures on superconductivity. A superconducting wire with an improved critical current value can improve electric power quality and energy efficiency of applied products, such as power cables, electric transformers, motors, generators and magnets. There is some debate over exactly how and why superconducting materials superconduct. However, if the magnetic field strength intensifies beyond a critical level, the superconducting material will be. Components for the motors and generators are designed to determine their individual characteristics and their interactions with other elements of the machines. Development efforts are continuing in many laboratories throughout the world, and improvements to both the design of the motors and to the manufacture, fabrication and properties of hts materials that are anticipated over the next few years, can be expected to make these copperbased superconducting motors a commercial reality. The propulsion system employs gas turbine prime movers, synchronous generators and synchronous motors with superconducting field windings, switch gear with a cycloconverter, variable frequency, power controller between the generators and the motors. While in the superconducting state, a superconducting material will tend to exclude all magnetic fields, a phenomenon known as the meissner effect.
Establish feasibility of superconducting motor with. The field of electric motors has recently entered a new era. Superconducting motors based on high temperature superconductors are much more efficient than conventional electric motors and can be made smaller, lighter and more economically. Incorporating coils of hts wire that are able to carry 150 times the power of similarsized copper wire, the motor is less than half the size of conventional motors used on the first two ddg hulls and will reduce ship weight by nearly 200 metric tons. Promising future applications include highperformance smart grid, electric power transmission, transformers, power storage devices, electric motors e. As a result, the calculatedvalues of the armature back emf constant. Us5777420a superconducting synchronous motor construction. An exploded view of the motor, released by festo, shows that, at its heart is a double pancake coil made of superconducting tape, housed in a grp cryostat a vacuum chamber that insulates the coils thermally. Since many years we develop and construct superconducting motors. Superconducting motors are a key enabler for distributed electric propulsion in aircrafts. Electromagnetic theory, design and analysis article pdf available march 2018. Using the pdf physics of comsol and the h formulation values of. The electric motors that you see today in everything from washing machines, toys, and fans use the same basic principles as motors from. Superconductivity is widely regarded as one of the great scientific discoveries of the 20th century.
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